Electronic dealer financing scheme - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1309 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? ELECTRONIC DEALER FINANCING SCHEME: The scheme provides for financing purchases of dealers from corporate/industry Majors Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Electronic dealer financing scheme" essay for you Create order With whom tie-up has been entered. It is completely web based solution with customised MIS provided to the shareholders. The industry major enjoys timely availability of funds. The dealer can make effective utilization on working capital funds. Both industry major and dealer can make use of improved cash flow forecasting. SME LIABILITY PRODUCTS FOR DEPOSIT AND TRANSACTION BANKING: There are different types of deposit and transaction banking products offered by SBI to its SME customers: Deposit products: Unfixed deposit Power pack products Normal current account SAHAJ current account SWEEP account products: SURABHI CLTD Internet banking products: KHATA KHATA plus Transaction products VYAPAR VISTAR SARAL Transaction products (collection products): Power jyoti I-COLLECT Transaction products (bundled products) Cash pick up Point of sales INSTA deposit card State bank business debit card TABLE: 5 Financial performance of SMECCC JP nagar Portfolio as on 31st may 2014 Particulars No. of accounts Amt (Rs crores) CC (cash credit) 456 81.33 crores TL (term loan) 315 23.95 crores Total 771 105.28 crores New application received/disposed (Rs. in crores) as on 1st may 2014-31st may 2014 Period Number Amount (in crores) Application received 11 2.57 Sanctioned 3 0.65 returned/ rejection for want of data/ clarification 9 1.74 Pending for want of required papers 1 1 Renewal Applications (Rs. in crore) as on 1st may 2014-31st may 2014 Period Number Amount (in crores) enhancements (enhanced portion only) 0 0 Review/Renewal at exist level 5 0.7 NPA as on 31st may 2014: Number Amount No. of accounts 39 1.93 1.82% Break up of sanctions as on May 2014 Particulars No. Of accounts Amt (Rs crores) New from branches 03 0.65 Existing 05 0.70 Total 08 1.35 New collateral free loan (CFL) sanctioned (in crores) No. Of accounts Amt (Rs crores) 2 0.58 Collateral free loans are provided under the scheme CGTMSE. It is a popular and widely used SME product launched with the support of the government. More details have been provided under the section à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“SME Productsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Study of Credit Appraisal Credit appraisal means an assessment done by the bank before providing any loans and advances. Credit appraisal checks the commercial, financial and technical viability of the project. It also checks the primary collateral security cover available for recovery of such funds, in case the account turns irregular. Credit Appraisal is a process to ascertain the risks associated with the extension of the credit facility. It is generally carried by all the financial institutions which are involved in providing financial assistance to its customers. The credit appraisal involves assessing the unit by conducting different types of feasibility tests to ensure that the unit is fit for lending. These feasibility tests are: Technical feasibility: It involves the location factor. Because of a good location, the unit may have better access to resources like transportation facilities, water supply, power supply etc. This may positively impact the unit in the long run. Considerations are also given to the size of the plant. A plant operating at optimum level and producing EOQ (economic order quantity) may be well poised to generate better returns. However, it does not mean that the proposals for smaller plants would be rejected. The kind of technology the unit uses also makes difference. It it is new and competitive, and then it would reflect in its output with minimum inputs. The availability of the labour in the region where the unit is located also affects the technical viability of the project. All the above feasibility tests are difficult to assess and requires a lot knowledge, understanding of the situation and the experience. Thus, normally credit officers analyse the above mentioned factors and is competent to perform the job. However, in case the complexity of the project is high and the credit officer is unable to assess the technical feasibility. As per the report received by the credit officer, the credit appraisal is undertaken. Economic Feasibility: It involves assessing the earning capacity of the unit. The present situation is assessed not only of the project, by the industry as well. The size of the market, competion level, existing demand, scope of the future earnings etc is assessed. For instance, a case of a unit was studied which tested the competent parts of a material in the laboratory. The future scope in this kind if industry is high. Financial Feasibility: It mainly involves assessing the cost of the project, cost of production and expenses, cash flow estimates, profitability estimates etc. All these statements are prepares by the credit officer to assess the financial position of the unit. It helps the bank to decide the repayment structure, the amount of loan which can be extended, liquidity etc. Managerial Competence: The management expertise also affects the feasibility of the project. As the business entity functions in a dynamic and competitive environment, it requires the expertise of the manager to successfully operate the business. Going forward, the succession planning of the business and integrity are also major factors which are assessed. These factors are treated as the parameters in the credit risk assessment. Thus, all the above mentioned feasibility attests are examined by the credit office of the assessment and the credit appraisal if the proposal. TABLE:6 Credit Appraisal Process Case study: Credit Appraisal The process of performing the credit appraisal is explained by the help of a case study. Due to confidentiality issue, the personal details and some other data has not been revealed. The case study has been explained for a SSI (small scale industries) unit. The proposal has been made for the renewal of fund based working capital (FBWC) of Rs.2.00 lakhs for a period of 24 months subject to annual review. The product which the customer has taken is SMECFL SME Collateral Free Loan. Unit: SRI MARUTHI INDUTRIES Brief Profile of the Unit: Name of the owners/partners Office address: Line of activity: Banking with SBI: Insurance validity..etc Brief background: The unit is a proprietorship, established in November 2008. The firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s line of activity is manufacturing machine components and allied job work. The unità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s clientele comprise mainly of M/S Ostrich Mobility Instruments PVT Ltd, I WAC [Integrated Welding Automation and Controls Private limited], and Carborundum Universal Ltd etc. The unit is banking with SBI since June 2012 It was sanctioned a Cash Credit limit for working capital requirement and Term loan. Conduct of the account is satisfactory. Normal activity reported. TABLE:7 Performance and Financial Indicators: (Rs. in lakhs). 2012 (Audited) 2013 (Audited) 2014 (Estimated) 2015 (Projected) Net sales (including labour charges) 10.72 14.08 25 30 Net Profit 2.86 3.14 4.82 5.54 Net Profit to sales [%] 26.68% 22.30% 19.28% 18.47% Cash accruals 3.22 4.4 5.56 6.34 Paid up capital 5.34 5.84 9.05 11.74 TNW 5.34 5.84 9.05 11.74 TOL/TNW (times) 0.16 1.09 0.8 0.73 Current ratio 8.87 1.64 1.98 1.58 Comments on Financials: Net sales: Last year, the unit has earned a turnover and achieved its estimated turnover of [13.40]. In the current year, the unit has earned a turnover of Rs.6.32 lakhs for the first quarter and hence the estimated turnover is considered acceptable. Net profit: Profit levels have also increased. Cash accruals are sufficient to ensure liquidity. TOL/TNW: Gearing ratio is at 1.09 well within the acceptable level, and is poised to improve further, gradually over the years. Current ratio: Current ratio works out to be above the level of standard bench mark. The name of the individual/directors appears in RBIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s list of defaulters/RBIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s list of wilful defaulters the individual/directors name figures in ECGCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s caution list. The names of the company/firm/directors/promoters do not appear in the following lists:- RBI list of defaulters of Rs.1 crore and above as on 31.03.2012-Non suit filed accounts. RBI list of wilful defaulters of Rs.0.25 crore and above as on 31-03-2012 CIBIL list of suit filed cases (Rs.1 crore and above and Rs 25 lakhs and above) as on 30-06-2013. CIBIL Consumer report dated 05-08-2013: No adverse remarks seen. CIBIL commercial report search dated 05-08-2013: No search results found The name of the individual does not appear in any of the above list. Overall, the account is satisfactory.

Macbeth Ambition Quotes - 629 Words

Macbeth Ambition Quotes Quote #1MACBETH â€Å"My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, Shakes so my single state of man that function Is smotherd in surmise, and nothing is But what is not.† (1.3.9) | After the weird sisters predict that Macbeth will be king, his thoughts turn to murder, which the sisters have said nothing about. Could it be that the witches prophesy awakens within Macbeth a murderous ambition that was there all along? Quote #2MACBETH [Aside]† The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step On which I must fall down, or else oerleap, For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires; Let not light see my black and deep desires. The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be Which the eye fears, when it is done, to†¦show more content†¦Of course, we know that Macbeth (with some encouragement from his wife) does murder Duncan. Quote #5MACBETH â€Å"For mine own good All causes shall give way. I am in blood Steppd in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go oer.† (3.4.24) | By comparing his heinous actions to wading through a bloody river, Macbeth suggests that once a man commits a murderous act for his own gain, its impossible to stop. Turning back would be tedious. By this point, Macbeth is willing to anything in order to help himself and its becomes easier for him to commit evil deeds. According to Macbeth, hes got to look out for his own best interests. Quote #6MACDUFF â€Å"Either thou, Macbeth, Or else my sword, with an unbatterd edge, I sheathe again undeeded. There thou shouldst be; By this great clatter, one of greatest note Seems bruited. Let me find him, Fortune! And more I beg not.† (5.8.1) | Macduffs only ambition is to kill Macbeth, the man who has murdered his wife and children. He has no interest in personal gain and is the first character in the play to understand that Fortune rules you, you dont rule Fortune. This is a certain indicator that hell be the one to take down the tyrant, who is always challengingShow MoreRelatedMacbeth And Wuthering Heights1006 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, the women take control, over men, in the relationship. Sexism and jealousy are the two biggest problems in an existing relationship. The readers find out how ambition, sexism, and jealousy takes over lives. In other words, too much ambition may be fatal. When women don’t get what they want, bad things are subject to happen. Women will always rule in the face of the earth until none are left. Lady Macbeth rules the relationship over Macbeth himselfRead MoreTheme Of Ambition In Macbeth1277 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s play of Macbeth tells a tragedy that was caused by the major theme of ambition, which is greatly emphasized throughout the story by having Lady Macbeth, a key character whose ambition will push her husband Macbeth to the edge along with his flaw of being too ambitious where the two become the driving force of the play that will eventually seal their fate. In the play, Macbeth who is the main character has the flaw of having too much ambition but his conscience will hold back his desiresRead MoreMacbeth Theme Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe play, Macbeth, Macbeth and his wife kill the king of Scotland so Macbeth can become king. As a result, of the witches since they told him about the prophecy and how he would become king. He eventually does more evil things which fills Lady Macbeth with guilt. She ends up killing herself and Macbeth ends up dying. 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Throughout the novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz and the play Macbeth, both protagonists have charactersRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth - The Five Tragedies1293 Words   |  6 Pagesof, Macbeth, is the utterly sheer shift in Macbeth s personality throughout the piece. It is commonly debated that the rapidly altering deposition of Macbeth had since served as the underlying facets and influences behind his ultimate collapse. However, Arthur Kirsch, Writer of â€Å"Macbeth’s Suicide,† insists that perhaps Macbeth did not develop a sense of insanity, but he was murdering out of confidence in his future. On t he other hand, In Miguel Bernad Article, â€Å"The Five Tragedies in Macbeth†, BernardRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero893 Words   |  4 PagesSeidewand Andreacchi February 13th 2017 ENG2D1-02 Macbeth as a Tragic Hero A tragic hero can be described as a character obtaining heroic qualities that is, at the same time, destined for their own downfall. Unfortunately, Macbeth is an example of a character that has this title. In Shakespeare’s time during the writing of the play was the reign of King James of England, and the play ‘Macbeth’ reflects on Shakespeare’s own relationship with this king. Someone of greatRead MoreCauses of Macbeths Downfall1445 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Causes of Macbeths Downfall – Essay By Jordan Koorey Shakespeare’s Macbeth, based on a play written in 1605 explores the life journey of Macbeth as he climbs the ladder of the social hierarchy. Determined to become King, Macbeth will kill any and all that get in his way. Driven by ambition, Macbeth puts his faith in the words and prophecies of three witches after a prediction that Macbeth would gain the new title of Thane of Cawdor. Alongside with ambition, Lady Macbeth, is a key instrument toRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth 1068 Words   |  5 Pagesdownfall. The tragedy Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, has a perfect example of a tragic hero, otherwise known as Macbeth. A tragic hero must be a man who is great and admirable in various ways. He should be placed in society in such a way that everything he does affects all of the members of his society. Macbeth fits the description of being a tragic hero, displaying his strengths, his weaknesses, his tragic flaw, and how influential everything around him is. Ma cbeth is a tragic hero, because

The Book of Genesis vs. the Epic of Gilgamesh Free Essays

Two Different Books with Similar Stories The Book of Genesis and The Epic of Gilgamesh have many clear similarities. One major, noticeable similarity is that in both stories, there are flood legends. There is the legend of Noah and the Ark in The Book of Genesis and the story of Utnapishtim in The Epic of Gilgamesh. We will write a custom essay sample on The Book of Genesis vs. the Epic of Gilgamesh or any similar topic only for you Order Now In both stories, a higher power wants to wipe out the human race and decides to save one person who is then assigned to build an ark to hold himself, his family, and one of each animal. There are also many specifics about this flood that the two stories have in common, not just the basis of the tale. For example, both stories tell of a long storm. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, it says: â€Å"Six days and seven nights the wind and storm† (Gilg. Tabl. XI, 127). In The Book of Genesis, it says: â€Å"rain fell upon the earth forty days and forty nights† (Gen. 7:12). In both cases, the story is specific about the number of days the storm lasted. Noah and Utnapishtim make sacrifices to their respective higher power– Noah to God and Utnapishtim to Enlil. In the story of Noah and the Ark, it says that he â€Å"†offered burnt offerings on the altar† (Gen. :20) which is a sacrifice to God. In the story of Utnapishtim, it says that he â€Å"offered a sacrifice† (Gilg. Tabl. XI, 155) by pouring a libation to Ea, which is a form of spiritual sacrifice. These stories do not exist for entertainment, they serve the purpose of teaching people lessons about humankind and God or the gods. These flood legends tell us about a couple of different religious beliefs of the ancient people, one being that people are instinctually bad. A higher power wanted to wipe out the human race in both legends because humans were doing wrong. If humans were good by nature, the higher powers would not have wanted to destroy them all. The stories of these floods also show flaws in the high powers. Usually the gods or God are considered to be perfect, but in this story we see that the higher powers do indeed make mistakes. They made the mistake of creating an earth populated by flawed people. This is important because it shows that not even God or gods can achieve perfection, and humans certainly cannot. Even though this still makes the gods better than humans, no one is perfect. These two stories are also very similar in their views of humans versus animals. In both stories, the higher power assigns a man to build this ark and lead a new world with his animals. This shows his authority over the animals. Since he and his family are intended to be the only humans after the flood kills everyone else, this makes the humans the leaders of the living beings. The stories send a clear message that humans are above animals and humans have power over all animals. This tells us that animals are not viewed as equals and certainly do not receive the same respect as humans in either culture. This explains why people eat meat, have pets, farm, or anything else humans do to control animals and establish a higher power over them. Although there are very major similarities between The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Book of Genesis, there are also many differences. One of the main differences is the attitudes about sex. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh sleeps with all of the women in the town that he rules. Also, after a successful journey with Enkidu, they reward themselves by having sex with prostitutes. Prostitutes are also seen as mystical and powerful. Even more different from the other story is that the gods in The Epic of Gilgamesh sleep with human beings. Sex is much more common and casual in this story. Also, because it is provided to the warriors as a reward for a successful journey, it makes sex almost a trophy. Overall, this tale makes sex out to be a spiritual, powerful, and pleasurable action. This is very different from The Book of Genesis. In The Book of Genesis, sex is not for pleasure. People are not supposed to have sex until marriage, and it is mainly for the purpose of procreation. This is very different from The Epic of Gilgamesh in which Gilgamesh sleeps with many women while unwed. The difference in sexual attitudes in the stories exemplifies how sex is viewed differently in different cultures. Some may see it as a form of pleasure, while others view it as a means for creating children. Another minor difference between the stories is the idea of immortality. In both stories, all humans are born mortal. Although Gilgamesh is 1/3 god and 2/3 human, he is still mortal because he can be killed. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, Utnapishtim is given immortality by the gods before flooding out the human race. However, in The Book of Genesis, God does not give anyone the gift of immortality. This shows how the Christian culture believes that humans are far less powerful than God and they can never be anywhere near as strong and wise as Him. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, humans can be granted special powers by the gods, and Gilgamesh himself is part god. This puts far less emphasis on the division between humans and gods than The Book of Genesis. The obvious similarities between The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Book of Genesis tell us that the people of the world coming from different cultures still have many mutual beliefs. The similarities in the stories also show how important these stories are to people, since the beliefs are so widespread that multiple different variations of the stories have been written. It is clear that the people of the ancient world believed that the world was created by a higher power in a number of days, that a higher power created the human race, humans are very flawed, and many other mutual beliefs that can be found in The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Book of Genesis. How to cite The Book of Genesis vs. the Epic of Gilgamesh, Essay examples

Conceptualizing the Rainbow free essay sample

This paper attempts to answer the question, can blind people conceptualize color? This paper analyzes the question through philosophical, medical, and semantic rationale. It shows why many would argue against the fact that blind people can technically visualize color, but it also contends that many blind people have vividly described color and the how it effects all the senses. The question at hand is, Do blind people (from birth) have a concept of color? In answering this fairly, I must be extremely careful not to think myself superior, nor to dare think that I know better what is happening inside the mind of my blind neighbor than she herself may do. However, this is a question that seems to have long plagued philosophy, and it remains a profound metaphor for the relationship between experience and understanding. Therefore, it must be approached with both an eye to the actual experiences and thoughts of those who have been born blind, and to the long held ideas of science and philosophy. We will write a custom essay sample on Conceptualizing the Rainbow or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Motivation at Work Place Essay Example

Motivation at Work Place Essay Motivation, in a plain language, is what makes people do things, to provide with a motive to impel one to action. This paper discusses how to motivate employees at workplace to perform well. There are many reasons and methods to successfully motivate employees. Firstly and obviously, motivated employees are much more productive than employees who are not. Therefore Managers need to know about the factors that create motivation in order to be able to induce employees to work harder, more efficiently and with greater enthusiasm by knowing their employees’ needs. The objective of this paper is to explore three theories of motivation, Instrumental (focusing on Scientific Management), Content (covering theories by Maslow, Herzberg and McClelland) and Process (Covering equity, expectancy and goal setting theories). It will also identify the advantages and their shortcomings. Secondly this paper will look at NMB bank case to identify motivators and demotivators in a workplace. Finally provide practical recommendation that will effectively address the demotivators in the workplace. 2. Theory of Motivation Motivation studies have aimed to discover what triggers and sustain human behaviour at work. Motivation can be described as goal directed behaviour i. e. the will to work and achieve certain goals e. g. earn more money or achieve promotion. It can also be referred as external or internal factors/forces that influence an individual positively (Gibson et el, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation at Work Place specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation at Work Place specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation at Work Place specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Motivation Theories try to describe why people at work behave the way they do. The theories describe what organizations can do to encourage employees apply their efforts and abilities to achieve organizations’ goals. Motivation theories are also concerned with job satisfaction and factor that create satisfaction and its impact on their behaviour (Gibson et el, 2000). There are a number of different motivation theories and these theories do not all reach the same conclusion. Motivation theories can be classified into three categories, Content Theory, Process Theory and Instrumental Theory (Armstrong, 2008). 2. Instrumental Theory of Motivation Instrumental Theory assumes that a person will be motivated to work if rewards and punishment are tied directly to performance (Armstrong, 2008) i. e. people are rewarded for behaving as expected. This theory originated from scientific management theory, and according to this theory, it is impossible to get people to work much harder than others unless assured on rewards. However, according to Armstrong (2008), Instrumental Theory failed to appreciate the fact that the formal control system can be affected by informal relationships between employees or between management and employees. . 2Content Theory of Motivation Content Theory falls in the second category, it emphasizes that it is needs that motivate people. There are a number of theories on providing the need for motivation. However, this paper will look on three most influential theories that advocate needs as motivators. These are Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, Herzberg’s two-factor theory and McClelland’s acquired needs theory. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated by five levels of needs, first Physiological needs, these are the most basic human physical needs like food, shelter, clothing etc. Secondly Safety and Security needs, these are concerned with physical safety and emotional security. Third is Belonging and Social needs, the need for friendship, affiliation, interaction and love. Most people are motivated by the social contacts they make at work. There is a need to belong to a certain group and this need is a motivator in a way. Fourth is esteem and recognition needs, the need for respect and recognition from others. And finally Self-actualization needs which is the highest level of needs in Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs theory. It is the need for self-fulfillment and using abilities, skills and potential to the fullest. In proposing this hierarchy of needs, ranging from basic to highest level, Maslow suggested that a person attempts to satisfy the more basic needs before directing behaviour towards satisfying upper level need. For example, once basic needs (physiological safety) are taken care of, people look for love, affection and affiliation and after they meet their social needs, people focus on matters such as self-respect, status, recognition etc. However, needs are never completely satisfied. Maslow’s theory has been criticized for its apparent rigidity since not all needs are equally important to different individuals, different people have different needs and priorities, each person has different intensities of each need and these intensities change in different situations. Furthermore, the theory is neither that accurate nor thorough enough to explain individual levels of behaviour. The second Content Theory is Herzberg’s two-factor Theory. Herzberg identifies a number of fundamental needs with his two factor theory. Herzberg advocates that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different factors. Work satisfaction came from motivating factors and work dissatisfaction come from hygiene factors (Gibson et el, 2000). Motivating factors are concerned with what will make employees satisfied while Hygiene factors addresses why are employees dissatisfied. According to Herzberg, motivators include achievement, recognition and advancement and hygiene factors refer to policies procedures, working conditions, job security and salary (Armstrong, 2008). Motivators lead to positive satisfaction and hygiene factors only prevents dissatisfaction and they do not in themselves lead to employees’ satisfaction. However, the theory relies on the findings from the study done on accountants and engineers and this has brought up questions about its validity and accuracy to other fields and occupations. Another content motivation theory is McClelland’s acquired needs theory, which states that three needs i. e. achievement, affiliation and power are major motives determining people’s bahaviour in the workplace (Armstrong, 2008). McClelland believes that people are not born with needs but they acquire them from culture and life experience and the need to achieve is a primary motivating factor. Graham Bennett (1998) look at McClelland’s needs theory, and according to them Achievement-oriented people are said to prefer tasks which they had sole responsibility, avoid risks and monitor continuously the effect of their actions. Power-oriented were motivated by the prospect of controlling subordinates, while Affiliators wanted pleasant relationships with colleagues. 2. 3Process Theory of Motivation The final category of motivation theory is the Process motivation theory. This theory is more concerned with the thought of how people decide to act, i. e. how employees choose certain behaviour to meet their needs (Gibson et el, 2000). It attempts to explain and describe some of the factors that are typically outside of the individual. Whereas Content theory simply try to understand employees needs, process theory goes further and try to understand why employees have different needs, what behaviours satisfy them (Armstrong, 2008). The three most influential Process motivation theories include, Expectancy Theory, Goal Achievement Theory and Equity Theory. Goal theory, which was developed by Latham and Locke, states that motivation and performance are higher when individuals set specific and difficult goals and there is feedback on performance (Armstrong, 2008). The attributes highlighted are goal specifity, goal difficulty and goal intensity. According to Gibson et el (2000), Goal setting techniques has offered viable motivation techniques to many managers. However, in order to motivate employees, it is strongly recommended that setting of goals should be both specific and challenging and this leads to increase in performance. Generally, the more difficult the goal the higher the level of performance is expected. The Equity theory of motivation asserts on employees own assessment of whether he/she is being treated fairly, in comparison to his/her colleagues, as a major factor influencing motivation. Employees are motivated to see fair treatments, no matter how fair managers think the organization’s policies, procedures and reward systems are, each employee’s perception of those factors is what counts (Armstrong, 2008). Employees’ participation in important decisions that affect their welfare helps to promote perception of fair treatments. Expectancy Theory suggests that employees are motivated by two things. Firstly, how much they want something and secondly, how likely they think they are to get it (Armstrong, 2008). In other word, when people have choices they will make the choice that assures them best outcome or best rewards. According to Expectancy theory, your motivation depends on the relationship between your efforts, performance and desirability of the outcomes i. e. recognition for your performance. 3. Motivators and Demotivators in the workplace Taking NMB Bank as point of reference, this section will look into motivators and demotivators in the workplace. NMB Bank is the biggest Bank in Tanzania with more than 130 branches all over the country. 3. 1Motivators: It is NMB’s policy to recruit internally first, this helps to ensure employees career growth within the Bank. Employees take pride, as they feel Management recognizes their contributions and hence give them first priority when filling any vacancies within the Bank. This policy also provides opportunities for more responsibilities, that is when a more challenging job is advertised within the Bank, all employees qualifying for the post have equal opportunity to grow and achieve their career goals. It is also the Bank’s policy to give bonus at the end of every year depending on the performance of the Bank for that year. This promotes recognition for employees’ performance hence they feel valued and seen as part of the winning team. Another motivator to employees of the Bank is training opportunities for employees. Every new and fresh graduate who joins the Bank must go to a two week induction course. This training has two parts, theory and practical on how to do the job. This increases the interest of the job to the new employee. And the Bank does have in-house training programs for other employees. Job enlargement, challenging and complex tasks motivate NMB employees. Due to the size of the Bank, it increases the number of tasks in a job and therefore the work is challenging and complex. Employees deal with big volumes of workload they encounter different and complex challenges. For example, with large number of customers’ transaction bank reconciliation becomes complex. And even more for employees in the Zone offices who have to oversee the more than 10 branches within the zone and similarly to the Head Office employees. Working under such environment give employees a good chance of learning new things almost every day and this motivates employees for good performance. 3. 2Demotivators: Like any other workplace, there are factors that create dissatisfaction (demotivators) at NMB. As it has been prior illustrated, absence or inadequate of demotivators or hygiene factors promote dissatisfaction to employees. These factors include working conditions, relationship with subordinates/supervisors, policies and procedures and pay. It is the policy of the Bank that the entire Bank’s operations are centralized. Therefore employees especially in the branches have very little room to make decisions and command. With so many customers and most approvals are required to come from Head Office, employees’ job become dull. This causes dissatisfaction to branch employee as their participation on important and challenging tasks is taken away from them. For example, Head Office may change or give different instructions to Branch management on certain procedures. Sometimes such instructions may not be very practical and consequently may be the cause of long queues in the Branches. This may lead to customer complaining and in return employees are also dissatisfied with their jobs as they could be involved in decisions regarding their work. For instance, when the server is down they have to wait for assistance from Head Office of which takes more time. Working environment (not internal working conditions) of employees working in the rural areas may not be satisfactory. This refers to the external environment of these branches, since many of the Bank’s branches are located in rural areas. NMB Bank has a branch in every district in Tanzania, although this is good for business and customer base, in terms of life styles for employees working in those branches the external environments may not satisfy their personal and private lives. And this in turn may influence their performance in the workplace. As a sign of being demotivated, absenteeism and labour turnover in some of these branches is high as most of these employees are trying to look for better environment for their personal and private needs. Moreover, since rural areas are areas that are technologically challenged areas, employees do not have access of internet for communicating, information, learning or researching and thus they cannot be in touch with the rest of the world. While it is very expensive for the Bank to provide internet to rural branch employees, employees feel that they are neglected and this leads to dissatisfaction and demotivation. Salary is another demotivating factor in NMB, employees are not paid well compared to the market rate. Additionally there is no proper salary scale that has uniform across the Bank. More so, there is no real essence in the fringe benefits provided to the Bank to its employee. For example, interest rate for employees’ loans is 9% compared to 6% of other banks. Relationship with subordinates is another factor that may create dissatisfaction if not well managed. Some of the Branch Managers and line Managers do not interact with their employees in acceptable manner, i. e. with respect, transparency and trust. For example, some managers will not inform or allow their employees to apply for any job advertised within the bank for fear of losing them, but this leads to losing these employees to other employers. According to Graham Bennett (1998), instead of controlling, Managers and supervisors need to motivate and inspire employees. 4. Practical Recommendations There are two types of motivation, extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic Motivation comes from outside the performer, for example pay/money (high salary), performance pay system, promotions, pleasant working conditions and trophies. Extrinsic is normally a short term motivating approach. Intrinsic is self motivation, comes from within the performer and it is more effective and long term approach because a person has a real interest in doing what is doing. Intrinsic motivations refer to achievement, responsibility and competence. There different factors that promote motivation, for example challenge, curiosity, competition and recognition are factors that promote intrinsic motivation. To effectively address the demotivators in the Bank, the Management may focus on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Some research conclude that interesting work, appreciation, pay/salary, good working conditions, company policies, supervision and job security are important factors helping to motivate employees. People like to take pride in their work, belong to a winning team and be part of their organization they believe in. Therefore to address Supervision, Managers should be responsible to create an environment in which people can motivate themselves. This can be done without relying on merit increases, incentives and bonus but through non-monetary motivation for example open communication, recognition and career developments plans. Moreover, Managers should assist in making difference in motivation levels of their employees by leading by example. According to Gibson et el. 2000), if employers wish to have motivated, passionate and energetic staff, leaders/managers should demonstrate the attitudes, values and mindset that they wish staff to develop and demonstrate. Secondly managers should create job satisfaction and provide employees with more challenging work and should encourage creativity by providing recognition and rewarding creativity. The rewards need not to be costly to have an impact, for example a simple ‘thank you’ has much bigger impact to employee. Employees will be more motivated to work hard if they know Employer/manager recognize and appreciate their contributions. Thirdly, the Bank should promote employee participation. This refers to the process whereby employees are involved in the decision making processes rather than simply acting to orders. Manager should act as his employees advocate. For example when communicating with other departments or head office, manager should act as an advocate for the employees and be visible champion for them. That is if there are instruction from head office or other department that is not as practical as it seems, the manager should be able to stand up for his department and provide/offer a true scenario from practical point of view, rather than accepting everything. This will increase employees’ commitment and eventually motivation. In addition managers should provide the resources and support required for employees to do and complete their jobs to the required level and restrictions that are preventing employees from doing their job well should be removed. Employee participation is part of empowerment in the workplace. Fourthly, to implement work/life balance initiatives, this helps employees cope with their responsibilities at work and those outside of work. It is now accepted that external pre-occupations can cause stress, absenteeism, resignations and reduced motivation (Armstrong, 2008). Other ways to reduce demotivators at workplace include, promote and provide two-way feedback, redesign jobs, learn through exit interviews and trust and respect to employees. An environment where it is safe to take risks and staff are trusted to try new things can be inspiring and motivating to employees. For example employees should try out new ideas and improve the way they do their job without fear. Therefore the Bank has ensured that every employee has clear job description, thus operating tasks and duties are clear and organization structure is clear. . Conclusion Motivation Theories are study of human behaviour and can be used as guidelines for Managers and Employers to create motivated teams within their organizations to achieve their desired goals. Understanding motivation begins with understanding the employees. That, it is not necessarily employees are to be blamed (for being lazy or unskilled or unwilling to perform the task at hand) if their performance is not what the em ployer/manager expected. The wise manager tries to understand why the employees are not performing to his expectations. While it may be that the employees do not have the requisite skills, however there may be other factors involved which are more complicated and need to be addressed by the management. In conclusion, it can be established that, there are a wide variety of human needs operating at work place, and to motivate employees management must do analysis to identify which particular needs are most important to employees and develop a reward system that would address it. This paper has discussed the theories of motivation, their advantages and disadvantages. It has also look at NMB Bank as example case in identifying motivators and demotivators in the workplace. The paper, also gave practical recommendation on how to effectively address and get rid of the identified demotivators at NMB Bank. 6. References: i. Armstrong, M. (2008) A Handbook of Human Resources Management Practice, 10th Ed. , Kogan Page Ltd, Philadelphia. ii. Gibson J. L. , Invancevich J. M. , Donnelly J. H. (2000) Organizations: Behaviour, Structure Processes, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Columbus. iii. Graham H. T. Bennett R. (1998) Frameworks: Human Resources Management, Pearson Education Ltd

Free Essays on Paul And His Views On Marriage

Paul and His View on Marriage This article, â€Å"Paul and How He Radically Redefined Marriage†, was written to discuss Paul’s drastic view on marriage and how it affected the Roman sexual revolution as well as the emerging Christian movement. The writer, Roy Bowen Ward, analyzes the views on marriage and sexual pleasure between different groups such as the Roman Knights and the Stoics. At the beginning of Christianity, the Roman Empire was having a hard time controlling the rate of people that have chosen to stay single. The Roman tradition was that marriage was a duty, and was endured only for the sake of obtaining heirs. Prostitutes satiated sexual desire, since it was commonly believed that it could not be possible between husband and wife. This led many people to remain unmarried, in order to pursue a lifestyle of sexual pleasure free of responsibility. While other more conservative groups, such as the Stoics, supported marriage, but opposed sexual pleasure except for procreation. Again st either backdrop, Paul’s view on marriage can be considered extreme, since it states that sexual desire was to be quenched only in marriage. This is indeed odd because the need to quench sexual desire was the reason many Romans did not marry. Paul also apparently does not recommend marriage for the reason of procreation. This is because he sees the purpose of obtaining heirs irrelevant on the grounds that the world will soon come to an end. Another drastic view of Paul’s is that the husband and wife are equal partners in marriage when it comes to receiving and obtaining sexual pleasure from each other. Since the Stoics, as well as other Roman philosophers believed that the wife was there only to serve the husband, Paul can be seen as the more liberal in his opinions. To summarize, Paul’s preference was for unmarried people to remain unmarried, since this was a way to exercise self-control, a virtue given to some by God. Paulï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Paul And His Views On Marriage Free Essays on Paul And His Views On Marriage Paul and His View on Marriage This article, â€Å"Paul and How He Radically Redefined Marriage†, was written to discuss Paul’s drastic view on marriage and how it affected the Roman sexual revolution as well as the emerging Christian movement. The writer, Roy Bowen Ward, analyzes the views on marriage and sexual pleasure between different groups such as the Roman Knights and the Stoics. At the beginning of Christianity, the Roman Empire was having a hard time controlling the rate of people that have chosen to stay single. The Roman tradition was that marriage was a duty, and was endured only for the sake of obtaining heirs. Prostitutes satiated sexual desire, since it was commonly believed that it could not be possible between husband and wife. This led many people to remain unmarried, in order to pursue a lifestyle of sexual pleasure free of responsibility. While other more conservative groups, such as the Stoics, supported marriage, but opposed sexual pleasure except for procreation. Again st either backdrop, Paul’s view on marriage can be considered extreme, since it states that sexual desire was to be quenched only in marriage. This is indeed odd because the need to quench sexual desire was the reason many Romans did not marry. Paul also apparently does not recommend marriage for the reason of procreation. This is because he sees the purpose of obtaining heirs irrelevant on the grounds that the world will soon come to an end. Another drastic view of Paul’s is that the husband and wife are equal partners in marriage when it comes to receiving and obtaining sexual pleasure from each other. Since the Stoics, as well as other Roman philosophers believed that the wife was there only to serve the husband, Paul can be seen as the more liberal in his opinions. To summarize, Paul’s preference was for unmarried people to remain unmarried, since this was a way to exercise self-control, a virtue given to some by God. Paulï ¿ ½...

Philosophy of Emotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophy of Emotion - Essay Example In view of the prolifertion of incresingly fruitful exchnges between reserches of different stripes, it is no longer useful to spek of the philosophy of emotion in isoltion from the pproches of other disciplines, prticulrly psychology, neurology nd evolutionry biology. While it is quite impossible to do justice to those pproches here, some sidelong glnces in their direction will im to suggest their philosophicl importnce.In this ppr I will criticlly nlys th concpt of motion s it is rfrrd by svrl rsrchs nd philosophrs. I will py spcific ttntion to th dfinition of motion by Solomon nd Russll who invstigtd th phnomnon profoundly nd from diffrnt prospctiv s th mjority of uthors. Philosophrs hv bn concrnd nd oftn worrid bout th ntur of motion sinc Socrts nd th "prSocrtics" who prcdd him, nd lthough th disciplin hs grown up s th pursuit of rson, th motions hv lwys lurkd in th bckground, s thrt to rson, s dngr to philosophy nd philosophrs, s just plin unrsonbl. Prhps tht is why on of th most nduring mtphors of rson nd motion hs bn th mtphor of mstr nd slv, with th wisdom of rson firmly in control nd th dngrous impulss of motion sfly supprssd, chnnlld or, idlly, in hrmony with rson. But nowhr hv th unruly nd thrtning powr of th motions bn mor t odds with wht hs oftn bn clld "rson" thn in th rlm of justic, whr both compssion nd its vicious "ngtiv" countrprt, vngfulnss, hv bn condmnd s disruptiv, irrlvnt nd, t worst, downright dngrous (Jms, 1889). Robert Solomon (1980) spurred both interest nd opposition with his provoctive thesis tht emotions re judgments, lbeit judgments of prticulr kind, chrcterized by their mode of hste nd their evlutive content. Under the influence of (Srtre 1948), he lso dopted the view tht emotions could be understood s strtegic choices, collectively driven by the gol of protecting nd enhncing self-esteem (Solomon 1984). In his more recent work he hs lso written bout the emotionl dimension of justice, nd dvocted n enrichment of emotion theory through cross-culturl perspectives nd the integrtion of scientific perspectives (Solomon 1999). Th rgumnts tnd to focus on th llgd "cpriciousnss" nd "prjudic" of motions, lthough, ltrntivly, thy r ttckd for thir "intrctibility" nd thir stupidity. On th on hnd, consrvtivs lov nothing mor thn to lmbst th "do-goodrs" nd "blding hrts," nmly thos who xprss thir flings rthr thn stick by som bstrct nd oftn ruthlss, but in ny cs "hrd-hdd" thory. On th othr hnd, thr is th g-old insistnc on "th rul of lw," shrd by both librls nd consrvtivs, which insists on "not rturning vil for vil," nd, ccordingly, th forswring nd condmntion of rvng. But compssion nd rvng r but two sids of th sm coin, nd ginst th wisdom tht gos bck to Plto. Rson is not th mstr hr, nor should it b. (Nor, of cours, should it b slv.) Wht must b shown is tht th motions do not nd should not ply n infrior rol in dlibrtions bout justic, nd tht it is fls tht motions r mor primitiv, lss intllignt, mor bstil, lss dpndbl, nd mor dngrous thn rson. Rson nd motion r not two conflicting nd ntgonistic spcts of th soul. Rtionl motions constitut justic, which is nithr dispssiont nor mrly motionl. "I hd been dvised erly in life tht sound decisions cme from

Connexin Degradation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Connexin Degradation - Essay Example This essay seeks to explain in details, the connexin degradation mechanisms of three pathways. These pathways to be discussed are: lysosomal, ubiquitin/proteasome and autophagy. Lysosomal pathway Participation of lysosomes and endocytosis in the deprivation of gap junction plaque was planned 20 years ago. This was after the examination of intracellular vesicle-like configurations which are double-membrane, similar to gap junctions in conduction of electron micrographs. This is a research which was carried out to check on how lysosomes can be a pathway to connexin degradation. This was done by looking at the effect to the half-life of the connexins in order to find out how and to which degree they do cause degradation of connexin. These structures were referred to as annular gap junctions. The first descriptions of these structures were made available by Bjorkman from the granulosa units of life of the ovarian follicle. These gap junctions have been experimented in several dissimilar cell types. They have spacing between their particles which are clearly observed in the gap junctions. They can as well be decked out with antibodies that are anti-connexin. Various approaches have been used for verification that some of these annular gap junction outline correspond to gap junctions who are internalized instead of the cross-sections of invaginations or interdigitations of gap junction plaques. The interdigitations of gap junction plaques include sequential sectioning or lack of classification of the intercellular gap by lanthanum and freeze-fracture replicas. Research also suggests that Tyr286 is as well involved in targeting Cx43 for the process of connexin degradation by the lysosomal pathway Ubiquitin/proteasome pathway Investigation on this pathway was first done by James and Eric where they give explanation on how it relates to degradation of connexins. They carried out research on degradation of the protein connexin43 in cardiomyocyte-derived cells and the E36 Chinese ovary cells. Results from the tests show that lysosome plays a minor role in the proteolysis of connexin43 while ubiquitin antibodies play a major role in the degradation of connexin43 (Laing and Beyer, 10-13). This is because when the two tests were done, it was found out that the lysosome contributes in increasing the half-life of the connexin. This gives a clear impression that lysosome helps to increase the formation of gap junction which is significant in formation of family proteins required in the body. Ubiquitin on the other hand, reduces the half-life of the connexin. This gives a clear impression that it contributes in reducing the formation of gap junction. The reduction in this case, in turn reduces the amount of family proteins formed, making it impossible for physiological processes to take place in the body as expected. Autophagy pathway This is a degradation pathway which is known to have been implicated in a number of diseases and may be stimulated by cellu lar stresses for instance starvation. Research shows that connexins that are cytoplasmic are cup-shaped or ring shaped and are enclosed by structures that contain autophagy-related protein which is the LC3. There are other connexins colocalized with p62, a protein that may as well serve as a freight receptor for autophagic deprivation. Starvation is one of the situations which lead to reduction of connexins.

Future of Modernization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Future of Modernization - Essay Example Even though every society has a specific logic, some of the viewpoint matches; the outcomes of good and bad deeds, a constant change in the technological world with an ever increasing rate and even for the fact about society’s evolution. Two kinds of societies emerge in the post-industrial revolution era; those who put a heavy burden to find ways to match steps with the currently affluent counter parts or be lost in the race of whole mankind, like a forgotten equation. The development of modernization is different in different scenarios mainly due to a vast difference in the ways of governance, environment, enlightenment and other institutions. This paper discusses the modernization process in the United States society. Furthermore, the idea of an evolved modernization, aftermath of modernization and my ideas about the modernization in this country will be argued. Many people in U.S.A argue that the industrial revolution had a fresh effect on the society, which in turn dented many communities, economic manifest and institutional changes all across America. Modernization has injected itself in the American society from various angles which has proven to be an electric chair for small and traditional ways of living. It has also brought a massive expansion in personal opinions, social disparity, future planning and knowledge of passing time. The small rural communities were known for their coherent living for thousands of years, before modernization brought a steep decline to this fragrance of the American society. This close set-up was mainly due to the close inter-relationship between friends, families and neighbors. These were times when people relied on each other without any fear of misjudgment, just because they shared the same wall. These communities played a vital role in giving the people a sense of identity, security, identity and purpose (Neitz, 2009). Saying all of the above, one should not get carried away with what used to be because these soc ieties for all the closeness, had their fair share of issues; like minimum choices and conveniences, as compared to the modern society people. The old system of living is outdated now in this present age, with villages and small towns being tourist attractions for those who want to see a glimpse of the foregone lifestyle, its simplicity and non-complexity. An acute volume of attention is on agriculture, which has always been a heavy burden on the rural American areas. Therefore a lot of country men had to travel to the cities in the hunt of jobs, since more financial benefits have been based on the corporate economy, unlike the economy of the past, which heavily relied on agriculture in the past. The modification, as a result of the changing economic tilt, has brought a huge difference in the lives of the American citizens. The difference is such that, the people have forcefully adopted non-rural ways to live for survival. A strong observation can be made, one which defines that the post-industrial revolution society has killed the traditional ways and cultures of the past. Although a strong argument is presented to rebut this fact that the modern society has brought more options, life control to individuals as compared to the people in the pre-modern society, who had fewer choices in the areas of personal thinking. Development in the field of individual preference is another plus point of the modernization in U.S.A. The new order of modern society advertises an

Marketing Strategy of Olpers Milk

Marketing Strategy of Olpers Milk Engro Foods (Pvt.) Limited (EFL) was established in 2005 as part of a huge diversification process at the Engro Group. Engro Group itself is one of the leading business corporation with high ventures in the fertilizer, food, power, generation, petrochemicals, automation and terminal storage industries. Engro wanted to setup a latest fertilization plant but due to certain restrictions from the government was not able to expand in the fertilization field. There, the organization decided to invest into a new market. Olpers Milk, companys first brand was launched in 2006 in major cities of Pakistan simultaneously so that product gains popularity and visibility together. By this information, we got the idea of launching a processed milk that will fulfill all the needs of a household related to the use of milk. The plan, in a very brief way describes what segments the company is going to target, how and what strategies to take on to achieve a brand position and make maximum profits. The plan also points out the strengths, weaknesses that accounts to internal factors that can affect a product and opportunities and threats, which are the external factors disturbing the product Current Marketing Situation Marketing research is an important step when a new product is to be launched into market especially for an organization with no experience in the field. There are numerous risks associated with the new product. so to reduce the risks, research is a very important step towards the launch. The research uncovered that the food industry held the maximum promise and profits if on right track. The statistics show that Pakistan is the third largest milk producing country in the world, with urban consumption of about 7 billion liters annually. There is an overall growth in the PLM sector due to awareness in health and hygiene, this coupled with an increasing dissatisfaction with the loose milk from the local doodhwala. In Punjab loose milk costs between Rs. 46 and Rs. 50 while tetra packed milk costs around 75, same is the case is in Sindh where the price difference between the fresh milk and packed milk is around 20. These are a few problems which have to be solved in order to penetrate the market to the full extent. Market description The milk sector consists of the consumers that have standardized preferences. All consumers that drink either fresh or processed milk have homogeneous and similar preferences and wants. Keeping these things in mind, it is very difficult for a new company to take on a challenge of producing on a large scale, distributing it extremely effectively and massively promoting. The preferences that the consumers want are nearly similar according to the survey. The inclination towards particular qualities milk should attain are, the milk should be white, milk should not smell, hygienically processed and is good for health and bones. Keeping these preferences Engro Foods introduced two more products besides Olpers milk: Olwell diet and Olpers cream As previously mentioned, the preferences of all the consumers demanding or wanting milk are the same. So segmentation is really a problem for the Engro Group but the preferences differ for a few consumers that prefer skimmed milk. The segmentation was done according to demographics, psychographics and behavior. Market segmentation Demographics generally refers to the age, sex and to which life cycle stage an individual or group of people comes under. There are many products which are affected by the demographics of the customers. but Olpers milk is not affected by these boundaries and limits. This product is produced for all potential buyers and users from higher or middle class families. The research suggested that the lower class families have a different attitude towards the processed milk. All the companies and groups in the milking sector are trying to change the image of the packed milk. Due to this image of the processed milk, even though not wanting to be, Olpers milk will gain an image where it will look, it is made for a special social class Psychographic in marketing refers to the personality, brand consciousness, lifestyles and values of people. Some people are more goal-oriented and passionate about their goals. As Olpers milk and Olwell both focus on a person being physically and mentally fit, so people will look upon this as a brand and will be expecting benefits which the marketers have described. Behavioral factors include on which behavioral aspects are involved when segmenting the market. As mentioned above the company has divided its market into three totally different segments according to how people respond on different stimuli. This segmentation is done on a basis that people want milk that can be used as a tea whitener so obviously the color of the milk does matter a lot. Secondly, customers want a product which they can use for all purposes, not solely for a single use. Marketers of this firm have to keep in mind that they have to compete with opponents such as Nestle and Haleeb which are in this department for a period longer than Olpers and they attain many loyal customers who will prefer the their respective brand respectively. Product Review different packaging of all the three products: Olpers milk, Olwell and Olpers cream Marketers have decided to position it as a product that can be used for all purposes that the fresh milk does UHT heated processor, that means high quality of milk 6 layers of tetra pack for extra cleanliness and protecting the preserved milk from bacteria and germs 3 months of shelf life, that means that storage of milk, or consumers can buy cartons of milk without worrying that the milk will get useless. Milk that attains all the nutrients which the fresh milk has. A product that helps weight conscious people to loose weight Helping all users to have a chance to have healthy and strong bones Olpers cream specifically tackles people who are addicted to desserts and meetha. This product can be used in desserts and cake icings and etc. Competitive review Competition is very severe in the milking sector. Although there are only a few major competition in this sector but the competition is increasing very rapidly. The major contestants which the marketers of this company will have to study and research upon are Nestle and Haleeb, both of which have grasped enough experience in this field and have acquired many brand loyal customers Nestle The market leader in this milking market is Nestle, which is producing and selling its product with the name Milkpak since 1981. They introduced the concept of processed milk and established the concept of tetra pack milk in Pakistan. This was pretty well perceived by majority in Pakistan and a synonym was attached to the Milkpak as quality milk. The company has got vast experience and is tracking growth strategies. They have got a secure financial background so they will be willing to invest both in promoting and advertising if needed. They have targeted their market to areas restricted to near proximity to urban areas and are targeting people having a middle or high social class. They have always served the milking sector up to their capacity. The product is unique due to the addition of irons, vitamins A and C in the milk. Haleeb Milk Haleeb foods was established in 1986, just after the initiation of Milkpak from Nestle. Haleeb foods is serving this country for the past 27years and have been quite successful in doing so. They were quite a competition for nestle when they launched haleeb milk in 1986, but somehow or the other they were unable to make that sort of a image that the Milkpak achieved in early 80s Haleeb milk is said to be homogenized that means that all the nutrients and minerals are spread equally in a single carton. They have pure UHT standardized milk, with 6 layered packing with a shelf life of 3 months or so. Anhaar Milk Anhaar fresh milk just turned into the milking market recently. They have entered market with a different aspect of processed milk. They turn down the idea of UHT standardized milk because according to their research UHT heated milk looses its original nutrient and minerals. Along with this the UHT heated milk lessens the advantages and over stresses the immune system This milk has a shelf life of only 3 to 4 days. They milk cow daily and the fresh milk is provided to the market soon after the milking process. Pure milk exhibits healthy digestive systems, healthy skin nails and hair, reduces chances of cancer, prevents diabetes and lowers cholesterol levels, controls blood pressure and improves immunity. So according to this firm they are providing all this to the end consumers. This can be a turnover in the milking market from UHT plant to providing farm fresh milk. Taraang milk Taraang milk joined this market to target low class families. Their main objective is to provide this class with a milk that doubles the taste and smell of tea. They have taken their way to attract people by celebrities dancing and fascinating advertisements rather than letting consumers know of how their product is different than the existing products in the market SWOT analysis Strengths Engro food is being backed up by the Engro group financially and by experience also Relationship with the farmers, as farmers are the suppliers of the milk to Engro foods Third generation plant Strong consumer and product research Positive response from the users Weaknesses Packaging low quality milk distribution milk collection centers narrow brand portfolio Olwell quite liberal ads according to our culture Opportunities Government funding for development of this sector ever increasing growth in the consumers of processed milk third largest producer of the processed milk Threats immense competition price difference Consumer behavior and perception Objectives and issues First year objective The objectives for the period starting from the launch till the end of the first year include attracting customers, changing consumers perception of processed milk, making this product a brand. Second year objective End of the second year objectives will include regular customers, with brand loyal customers as well, and break evening the production costs as well as the plant costs. Issues These objectives will be a lot difficult to achieve if the marketing department fails to promote and advertise the product to the optimum level. If the first year objectives are not met than it will be approximately impossible to get through with the second year objectives Marketing Strategy As marketing strategy means to make strategies that are customer driven and implementing them through programs and awareness programs. This way new customers will be attracted, and will help the company to make profits and help the company build profitable customer relationships. The marketers will set a position of Olpers milk according to uniqueness of the product. The marketers of this company will target middle to high social class that want a product that is as useful as its perceived value. Positioning The red color that has been chosen for the packaging of Olpers milk is quite eye-catching and distinctive than the colors that have been used in Pakistan in the milking sector till now. The product will be positioned in a way that it conveys the message that it will fulfill all the purposes of a consumer that the fresh milk does. Olwell will be positioned in a way that it will target people who are goal-oriented and focus on their careers. This will also exhibit a image that this will help people remain fit and in the same shape without worrying for the fat contents in the regular milk Product strategy Olpers milk along with the Olwell will include all the features and core values that have been mentioned so as to receive maximum consumer satisfaction. More will be given than promised so as to achieve customer delight. A massive advertisement campaign with Olpers logo on every bill board, ads and newspapers. Every marketing campaign will be utilized in order to let people know of the new product. There will be many below the line activities including free tea using Olpers milk will be provided to the potential buyers at major departmental stores for testing purposes, so that people know what type of product they will be using. Pricing strategy We would be adopting competitive pricing strategy for all the products; Olpers milk, Olwell, Olpers cream. In this type of pricing strategy, the prices of the competitors are studied and the products prices will be determined by this. As the price of Milkpak is around 70 Rs, we will introduce our milk with a price slightly lower than this and then gradually increasing it. Distribution Strategy Olpers milk will be launched in many major cities, and will number around twenty. Olpers milk will be distributed to over 80 cities very effectively in a short period of time after launch, because it is very difficult to launch a product in more than 25 cities simultaneously. The distribution strategy includes division of the country into five major regions. These regions will be Lahore, Karachi, Multan, Islamabad and Peshawar. This requires efficient transport facilities as well as warehouses and storages in different cities for the effective distribution. Trained personals will be hired who will be having an experience of at least two years in the distribution field. The dependence on technology for the distribution is necessary so new technology will be used to monitor the storages, warehouses etc. In order to attract distributors with experience a fixed commission rate of 5% will be set, that will be not be negotiable in order to avoid future fights and hassle. Sales targets will be set twice every month after discussing the market situations with the distributors. Incentives, bonuses, increments, and training will be provided to the distributors and staff for further improvement in the distribution field. Marketing research In the marketing research that we conducted after the launch of the product included interviews, questionnaires and surveys. This will enable us to improve our product and further diversify in the food field itself. The questionnaire was distributed to the customers at the local shops and departmental stores. 250 questionnaires and 50 interviews will be studied to evaluate customer satisfaction and what customers need and expect from our product. According to the survey, we found out that people between 28 to 50 use milk in tea, at the breakfast table, and youngsters drink milk when studying or going to school

Gen X Essay -- essays research papers

Did you know that you are considered part of the first generation symbolizing the decline of the nation? Generations are labeled all the time by historians, novelists and journalist in an attempt to capture the spirit or essence of an era. But the term Generation X carries all the negativity of propaganda and stereotype. The term Generation X has become a derisive media batchphrase, a snide put-down for those 80 million people who, like me, were born between 1961 and 1981. They are the children of the baby boomers and the 13th generation since the pilgrims landed in Plymouth. This group is, were told irresponsible, materialistic, abnormal and apathetic. So how did the term Generation X originate, what are some of their characteristics and why is there so much controversy of the term Generation X? How did the term originate? Back in 1991 a 28 year old named Douglas Coupland wrote a book titled Generation X. The book was about three fictional characters who decided to withdraw from society in order to find themselves. They then moved to Palm Springs, CA where they lived in bungalows and worked at the bottom of the food chain. The book received no publicity and almost no reviews. But that summer a Texan released the movie Slackers, which was filled with overeducated and underoccupied oddballs who loosely paralleled the characters in the book. And at the same time in Seattle, a new form of music was exploding. Its attitude had everything to do with withdrawal, contemplation and seeking new margins. As the media goes, two’s nothing but three’s a trend. Thus were born the most abused buzzwords of the early 90’s Generation X, slacker and grunge. The meaning of generation x Generation X is also sometimes refereed to as the Latch key Generation. With no one at home after school. Generation X has become a negative term to describe their generation as aimless, unfocused, disorganized, unmotivated, lazy and distrustful of ideas and institutions. X’ers were labeled monsters. Their protestants became whining, being mellow became slacking and the struggle to find ourselves became apathy. Stereotypes portray generation x as transfixed by MTV, Beavis & Butthead, wearing baseball caps backwards, safety pins through nipples, rings through noses and wearing flannel during summer. They are characterized as deadbeats who lack the personal ambition ... ...m large government programs. Conclusion Although there is still much conflict and uncertainty about Generation X. You now know that generation x refers to a group of people born between 1961 and 1981. Generation X is perceived by the media, government and others to be a generation that lacks depth or direction or to add value to society. Many suggest that they are the lost generation. They may in fact be the generation that has learned from our parents mistakes and now have a different way of thinking and adapting itself to a changing world. Yet they continue to be discredited. Society need to understand that X is a term that defines not a chronological age but a way of looking at the world. Generation Xers are working to make a better life for themselves. They want to ensure that the interest of their generation is looked out for and they are committed to improving the public’s perception of their generation. Generation X is most certainly not a lost cause. Contrary to popular belief, they are intelligent and are very concerned about their future. They will in fact be the most influential and important generation in the next century, they will make a difference.